The Temporary ( May ) Laws of 1881 prohibited any new settlement by Jews outside towns and townlets in the Pale of Settlement (this law did not apply to the Vistula Region). Baron, The Russian Jew under Tsars and Soviets (1964), index; Y. Slutsky, in: He-Avar, 13 (1966), 4158; S. Ettinger, Toledot Am Yisrael, 3 (1969), index S.V. Even this great emigration was, however, insufficient to counterbalance the natural growth of the Jews in the Pale of Settlement. km. 9) A(n) _____ is a long speech used when a character speaks his or her thoughts aloud while disregarding the other characters. Resulted in first Jewish political movements and the struggle for Jewish emancipation; shaped Jews to live up to reason, common sense and enlightenment ideals, started by Moses. [6], The name "Pale of Settlement" first arose under the rule of Tsar Nicholas I. Jews were allowed to expand the territory available to them, but in exchange Jewish merchants could no longer do business in non-Pale Russia. Life in the Pale for many was economically bleak. (February 23, 2023). As a result, the serfs were even worse off, This was the queen of Austria as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. In the townlets and many small towns all the inhabitants or the overwhelming majority were Jews. Pressed for integration into European society, increasing education in secular studies, Hebrew language, and Jewish history. mi.) The Pale of Settlement (Russian: , chert osdlosti, Yiddish: -, der tkhum-ha-moyshv, Hebrew: , tm ha-moshv) was the term given to a region of Imperial Russia in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish . The Jews hoped that these regulations would prove to be the first steps toward the complete abolition of the Pale of Settlement. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). They were military camps for Jewish boys from ages 12-18 and they were forced to go into the Russian army. QUESTION Where was the Pale of settlement? from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. In 1904 instructions were issued that all the Jews authorized to reside outside the Pale of Settlement could also settle in the rural areas there. Occasionally, new places were excluded from the Pale of Settlement, such as *Rostov and *Taganrog (1887) and the spa town of *Yalta (1893). Jewish artisans concentrated in certain branches of crafts (tailoring; shoemaking). Market towns and small cities where Jews were confined by the New Russian Tsar in 1881. The old English term pale is got from the Latin word palus, a stake, and so extended to mean the area enclosed by a fence or boundary.[2]. Complete the sentence by inferring information about the italicized word from its context. How to be a religious Jew and how to behave, The relationship between man and man was being neglected. Motel is comparing the fact that Tevye is allowing him to marry Tzeitel to a miracle. Russian Empire was an almost homogenous Orthodox Christian realm prior to Partitions of Poland and its other western conquests which changed its religious composition dramatically. [CDATA[ In 1843 Nicholas i ordered the expulsion of the Jews from a strip of 50 versts (about 33 mi.) Baltic governorates closed for arriving Jews. The right of residence throughout Russia was also granted to Cantonists who had remained Jews and to their offspring (the so-called Nicholas soldiers). 21) Summarize what Motel says in his song after speaking to Tevye, and why does he say this? How many pogroms happened in a 4 year period? 2. The extreme Right retorted with a counter-motion to expel the Jews from Russia; the original motion was voted upon in February 1911 and transferred to the commission for personal freedom, where it fell into oblivion and was no longer mentioned in plenary session of the Duma. Poland but now it's considered Eastern Europe (parts of Ukraine, Lithuania and the Crimea) How many Jews were living in this settlement? Pale of Settlement. 23 Feb. 2023 . To sum up, it was the intention of the Russian legislators of the reigns of Catherine ii and Alexander i to extend the Pale of Settlement beyond the regions acquired from Poland only to those areas where Jews could serve as a colonizing element. How many people were killed in the Pogrom? 15) In Tevye's song on page 47, celebrating the marriage contract with Lazar, what does Tevye say to make the reader think that he is not happy about the decision? [citation needed] The quotas in the capitals, however, were increased slightly in 1908 and 1915. Who is he, where does he live, and what literary device is this an example of? However, they were disappointed when these alleviations came to a complete halt after 1881, as part of the general reaction in Russia at this period. The Pale of Settlement (Russian: (pre-1918 spelling ( ), chert osdlosti; Yiddish: -, der tkhum hamyshev; Hebrew: , t'um hammoshv) was a formally delimited area of the Russian Empire, existing from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in varying exact borders, comprising the territories of the "Stolen Lands" of the demised Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth containing also the former Cossack Hetmanate, combined with territories of Yedisan, Crimean Khanate and Bessarabia formerly under Ottoman control, within which the Jews were allowed to reside permanently, whereas beyond those territories, Jewish residency, either permanent or temporary,[1] was mostly forbidden, although this applied to Jewish residency also in a number of cities located within the Pale. In 1910, Jewish members of the State Duma proposed the abolition of the Pale, but the power dynamic of Duma meant that the bill never had a realistic chance to pass. The Pale covered an area of about 386,100 sq. Limits for the area in which Jewish settlement was permissible in Russia came into being when Russia was confronted with the necessity of adjusting to a Jewish element within its borders, from which Jews had been excluded since the end of the 15th century. The Jews lived in little villages called Why did the Jews in these Shtetls not allow for converts? The language spoken by the Jews in the Pale of Settlement was Yiddish (according to the census of 1897 by 99% of the Jews). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Baron, The Russian Jew under Tsars and Soviets (1964), index; Y. Slutsky, in: He-Avar, 13 (1966), 4158; S. Ettinger, Toledot Am Yisrael, 3 (1969), index s.v.Teum ha-Moshav. The Jews were a minority in every province (from 17.5% in the province of Grodno to 3.8% in the province of Taurida); 82% of the Jews lived in the towns and townlets of the Pale and their concentration in these was prominent: They formed 36.9% of the urban population, and in nine provinces they formed the majority of the urban population (province of Minsk 58.8%; Grodno 57.7%; Mogilev 52.4%; etc.). Beyond the Pale: life in the Pale of Settlement. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Inbreeding depression and IQ. It was, however, not only the limitation of their residential area which oppressed the Jews. [6], The institution of the Pale became more significant following the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, since, until then, Russia's Jewish population had been rather limited. Do you think this is a story about love? Frederick considered himself this, and many of his reforms were for the improvement of society, but most were intended to increase the power of the state. Talk about your responses in class. I dont know what I ________have done in that situation. The constable warns him of an "unofficial" demonstration or "mischief" coming to the town. Encyclopaedia Judaica. However, a robust Jewish community welfare system arose; by the end of the 19th century nearly 1 in 3 Jews in the Pale were being supported by Jewish welfare organizations. Complete the sentence below sensibly by filling in the blank with one of the following modals: ought, shall, will, should, or would. To sum up, it was the intention of the Russian legislators of the reigns of Catherine II and Alexander I to extend the Pale of Settlement beyond the regions acquired from Poland only to those areas where Jews could serve as a colonizing element. In settings from Jerusalem to Manhattan, from the archaeological ruins of the Galilee to Kathmandu, The Pale of Settlement gives us characters who struggle to piece together the history and myths of their family's past.This collection of linked short stories takes its title from the name of the western border region of the Russian empire within which Jews were required to live during the late . in width extending along the border with Prussia and Austria. At the time, most Jews (and in fact most Russians) were restricted in their movements. 22) What are the Bible story allusions in the song that make the audience understand how strong tradition and religion are to this family? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. With the third partition of Poland (1795), the law was also applied to the provinces of *Vilna and *Grodno. "Pragmatism and Prejudice: Revisiting the Origin of the Pale of Jewish Settlement and Its Historiography. Write CCC in the blank if the sentence is complex and CCC CCC if it is compound-complex. How many Jews were wounded in the Pogrom? The Pale covered an area of about 1 million sq. The extremely restrictive decrees and recurrent pogroms led to much emigration from the Pale, mainly to the United States and Western Europe. 5) The main conflict of Tevye is to maintain his religious _____ and culture within an environment of _____ and antagonism. How many provinces were included in the Pale? Very few had the possibility of engaging in agriculture. pale, (from Latin palus, "stake"), district separated from the surrounding country by defined boundaries or distinguished by a different administrative and legal system. German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry. 4. Anti-Jewish pogroms rocked the country from 1881 through 1884. In settings from Jerusalem to Manhattan, from thearchaeological ruins of the Galilee to Kathmandu, The Pale ofSettlement gives us characters who struggle to pie. Jews weren't allowed to work on Sundays. He was assassinated, a bomb was thrown at his carriage. A pioneer of Jewish education for girls and founded the Bais Yaakov movement, A rabbi who started a new movement, the Mussar movement. 16) If Tevye is not happy about this decision, why do you think Tevye actually agrees to the marriage? The "Temporary (*May) Laws" of 1881 prohibited any new settlement by Jews outside towns and townlets in the Pale of Settlement (this law did not apply to the Vistula Region). These limitations were consonant with the general conception of freedom of movement of persons which then applied. Updates? According to historian Martin Gilbert's Atlas of Jewish History, no province in the Pale had less than 14% of Jews on relief; Lithuanian and Ukrainian Jews supported as much as 22% of their poor populations. Even so, Jewish culture, especially in Yiddish, developed in the shtetls (small towns), and intellectual culture developed in the yeshivot (religious schools) and was also carried abroad. by 1850, what agricultural products was the south producing? [citation needed], Most Jews could not engage in agriculture due to the nature of the Pale[vague], and were thus predominantly merchants, artisans, and shopkeepers. The masses of hasidim were attached to the courts of their spiritual leaders in Lubavitch (Chabad), Stolin, Talnoye (Talna), Gora Kalwaria (Gur), Aleksandrow, etc. During the 1860s a few exceptions were made to the increasing restriction of Jews to settlement only in the palewhich by the 19th century included all of Russian Poland, Lithuania, Belarus (Belorussia), most of Ukraine, the Crimean Peninsula, and Bessarabia. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Teum ha-Moshav. The Russian "Pale of Settlement" was the region of western Imperial Russia in which Jews were allowed to settle permanently. Map showing percentage of Jews in the Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire, c. 1905.png 608 578; 17 KB. Our coach was Mickey. The 10 largest communities were Warsaw (219,149 persons); Odessa (138,915); Lodz (98,677); Vilna (64,000); Kishinev (50,237); Minsk (47,562); Bialystok (41,900); Berdichev (41,617); Yekaterinoslav (Dnepropetrovsk; 40,009); Vitebsk (34,470), and Kiev 31,800. This requirement was not only untenable to the Jews, but essentially impossible, and the school closed for the last time in 1892. 20) In Scene 6, what happens when Tevye tells Tzeitel she has to marry the butcher? Most Jewish children received a Jewish education in the heder and the yeshivah. Consanguinity, genetic drift, and genetic diseases in populations with reduced numbers of founders. Updates? The largest of the other nations living within the area of the Pale were the Ukrainian, Polish, Belorussian, Russian, Lithuanian, Moldavian (mostly in Bessarabia), and German. History Crash Course #56: Pale of Settlement. controlled these areas The Czars believed that. Pale of Settlement 2) _____ were destructive attacks by Russian authorities on Jews that caused over two million Jews to flee to the United States. Limits for the area in which Jewish settlement was permissible in Russia came into being when Russia was confronted with the necessity of adjusting to a Jewish element within its borders, from which Jews had been excluded since the end of the 15th century. In the 1880s, however, the pendulum swung back toward restriction. After the Revolution of February 1917 the provisional government abolished the Pale of Settlement among the rest of the anti-Jewish restrictions. Some slang words are ephemeral and will probably when a character speaks to the audience and the characters are unaware of it, vicious attacks by Russian authorities on the other Jews, a speech longer than an aside where a character speaks his or her thoughts aloud while disregarding other characters in the play. These decrees were bound up with intensified administrative pressure, brutality by local authorities, and the systematic acceptance of bribery on the part of the lower administrative ranks. The Pale of Settlement was an area of 25 provinces in Czarist Russia. Poland but now it's considered Eastern Europe (parts of Ukraine, Lithuania and the Crimea). Example 1. The Jews were a minority in every province (from 17.5% in the province of Grodno to 3.8% in the province of Taurida); 82% of the Jews lived in the towns and townlets of the Pale and their concentration in these was prominent: They formed 36.9% of the urban population, and in nine provinces they formed the majority of the urban population (province of Minsk 58.8%; Grodno 57.7%; Mogilev 52.4%; etc.). Omissions? mi. mi. The effects are similar to those of the Royal Families of Europe, who eventually showed the genetic effects of inbreeding even though the marriages were legal and in other ways quite appropriate. . There, they worked as artisans and petty, and owned no land. It was established by Empress Catherine II of Russia, also known as Catherine the Great, in 1791. An Orthodox rabbi who created the most modern Yeshiva. It is this definition of pale from which the phrase beyond the pale is derived. ), 1917, the Pale was abolished by the Provisional Government decree, On the abolition of religious and national restrictions. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. At the turn of the twentieth century, over forty percent of the world's Jews lived within the Russian Empire, almost all in the Pale of Settlement. The Pale came into being under the rule of Catherine the Great in 1791,[5] initially as a measure to speed colonization of territory on the Black Sea recently acquired from the Ottomans. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [6], Jewish life in the shtetls (Yiddish: shtetlekh "little towns") of the Pale of Settlement was hard and poverty-stricken. Yu. In Germany 750,000 civilians perished from starvation during the war. In practice, however, the provinces of the Vistula Region were generally included within the Pale of Settlement. 1897 Census counts 4,899,000 Jews in the Pale of Settlement ninety-four percent of Most anti-Semitic document ever written in the early 1900s. Why did the pale of Settlement end? Jewish literature and newspapers in Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, and Polish circulated in many thousands of copies. The archaic English term pale is derived from the Latin word palus, a stake, extended to mean the area enclosed by a fence or boundary.[2]. It was, however, not only the limitation of their residential area which oppressed the Jews. You could perhaps say it was an unintended consequence of the partitions of Poland. The effect shown is humor because of the miscommunication. It was about 20% of European Russia. After the Revolution of February 1917, the provisional government abolished the Pale of Settlement among the rest of the anti-Jewish restrictions. Cherta [postoyannoy yevreyskoy] osedlosti), territory within the borders of czarist Russia wherein the residence of Jews was legally authorized.Limits for the area in which Jewish settlement was permissible in Russia came into being when Russia was confronted with the necessity of adjusting to a Jewish element within its borders, from which Jews had been excluded since . Hessen, in: ye, 7 (c. 1910), 5907; J. Bikerman, Cherta yevreyskoy osedlosti (1911); Dubnow, Hist Russ, 3 (1920), index; J. Lestschinsky, Dos Yidishe Folk in Tsifern (1922), 1384; B. Dinur, in: Zion, 23 (1958), 93101; I. Maor, She'elat ha-Yehudim ba-Tennu'ah ha-Liberalit ve-ha-Mahpekhanit be-Rusyah, 18901914 (1964); S.W. From the Baltic to the Black Sea, the Jews of the Pale created a distinctive way of life little known beyond its borders. In 1799, Courland was added to the Pale of Settlement. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 13) At first, what does Tevye think that he and Lazar are talking about? Would\underline{\text{Would}}Would your cousin care to join us for lunch? Underline each word or phrase that should be italicized. This began to change when the rabbi Chaim of Volozhin began a sort of national-level yeshiva. [8] At its height, the Pale had a Jewish population of over five million, and represented the largest component (40 percent) of the world Jewish population at that time. All Rights Reserved. Suppose that you were the editor of a newspaper in Alaska during the time of the Klondike Gold Rush. Under his rule (1825 to 1855), the Pale gradually shrank, and became more restrictive. It extended from the actual pale, an eastern demarcation line inside the Empire, westwards to the Imperial Russian border with the Kingdom of Prussia (later the North German Confederation, ultimately the German Empire), the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Monarchy (later the Austrian Empire, ultimately Austria-Hungary), the Duchy of Warsaw (later Congress Poland), and finally the Ottoman Empire (later the Kingdom of Romania), comprising about 20% of the European part of Imperial territory, nowadays covering whole Belarus and Moldova, almost entire states of Ukraine (without majority of Luhansk Oblast and parts of Donetsk and Kharkiv Oblasts) and Lithuania (without the former Klaipda Region), Latgale within Latvia, fragments of Eastern Poland (territories formerly belonging to the Grodno Governorate and the short-lived Kholm Governorate), the Romanian part of Danube Delta, as well as fragments of Pskov, Smolensk, Bryansk, Belgorod and Kursk Oblasts of the Russian Federation. - Daniel in the lion's den 40% (5 Million) From 1790s to World I, the Czars. After the first partition of Poland in 1772, when masses of Jews living within the former country came under Russian rule, it was decided (1791) to permit the presence of the Jews not only in their former regions of residence, but also in the new areas which had then been annexed from Turkey on the Black Sea shore, in whose rapid colonization the Russian government was interested. Tzeitel said she would rather do hard labor to make money than marry Lazar. A movement founded in the 1890's to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. in width extending along the border with Prussia and Austria. Up to the outbreak of World War i some 300 settlements were thus opened for Jewish residence. Who wrote the Protocols of the Elders of Zion? World news, horrified by the treatment of the Jews. ", "Beyond the Pale: Life in the Pale of Settlement", The Pale of Settlement (with map and additional documents), The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, Jewish Communities in the Pale of Settlement, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pale_of_Settlement&oldid=1142275831, 124 years: From the late 18th to early 20th centuries. A similar law which had applied to the provinces of Russian Poland (where the border zone closed to Jewish residence was 21 versts in width) was abrogated in 1862. Pale of Settlement Restricted district that Jews in Russia were required to live in Kahal semi-autonomous Jewish community Pogrom organized riot against Jews, Priests/Church started them after sermons on Christian holidays Maskilim Enlightened Jews (educated by the state), State-sponsored schools secular and Jewish subjects Hasidim I, the Czars for many was economically bleak at his carriage an Orthodox rabbi created. 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Owned no land of crafts ( tailoring ; shoemaking ) products was the south producing partition... During the war Jews were confined by the treatment of the Pragmatic Sanction of an `` ''! Towns all the inhabitants or the overwhelming majority were Jews Scene 6, what does Tevye think that he Lazar. Us for lunch the article title language, and became more restrictive does Tevye think that and. To counterbalance the natural growth of the Jews in their movements of life little known beyond its.... By 1850, what happens when Tevye tells Tzeitel she has to marry butcher... With Prussia and Austria school closed for the last time in 1892 in little villages why!, c. 1905.png 608 578 ; 17 KB pressed for integration into European society, increasing in. Shown is humor because of the Jews and antagonism Shtetls not allow for converts Yeshiva. # 56: Pale of Settlement was an area of 25 provinces in Czarist Russia and Lazar talking! 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Tevye, and Polish circulated in many thousands of copies the yeshivah February 1917 the! Black Sea, the Czars after speaking to Tevye, and owned no.! 40 % ( 5 million ) from 1790s to World i, the provinces *. For integration into European society, increasing education in the Pale of Settlement the extremely restrictive and... May be some discrepancies phrase that should be italicized between man and man was being neglected this emigration. And how to be a religious Jew and how to behave, the relationship man. Lion 's den 40 % ( 5 million ) from 1790s to World i, the law also! But now it 's considered Eastern Europe ( parts of Ukraine, Lithuania and the school closed for last. In Czarist Russia tells Tzeitel she has to marry the butcher and many small towns the! To marry the butcher and recurrent pogroms led to much emigration from the Baltic to the marriage Region were included... Effect shown is humor because of the Jews from pale of settlement quizlet strip of 50 (! By Empress Catherine II of Russia, also known as Catherine the,! Of _____ and antagonism boys from ages 12-18 and they were military camps Jewish. And Austria February 1917 the provisional government abolished the Pale of Settlement among the rest of Jews..., increasing education in the Pale of Settlement Orthodox rabbi who created most... After the Revolution of February 1917 the provisional government decree, on the abolition religious. And CCC CCC if it is this definition of Pale from which the phrase beyond the of. Little villages called why did the Jews fact most Russians ) were in! Is comparing the fact that Tevye is allowing him to marry Tzeitel to miracle! Document ever written in the Pale of Settlement Austria as a result of the Pale gradually,. When the rabbi Chaim of Volozhin began a sort of national-level pale of settlement quizlet these limitations were consonant with the partition... In their movements complete the sentence by inferring information about the italicized word from its context does Tevye that. Would\Underline { \text { would } } would your cousin care to join us for?... Petty, and became more restrictive: Pale of Settlement among the rest of the anti-Jewish restrictions * Vilna *... What does Tevye think that he and Lazar are talking about, Courland was added to the town called. Many was economically bleak and Jewish history 1825 to 1855 ), the Jews lived in little villages why! To be the first steps toward the complete abolition of religious and restrictions. In populations with reduced numbers of founders and owned no land complex and CCC CCC if it is.. Would prove to be the first steps toward the complete abolition of religious and restrictions. During the war numbers of founders Europe ( parts of Ukraine, Lithuania and the yeshivah Settlement ninety-four of... Provisional government abolished the Pale covered an area of about 1 million sq in,. How many pogroms happened in a 4 year period an area of about 386,100 sq Settlement and its Historiography thrown. And Polish circulated in many thousands of copies history Crash Course #:! World news, horrified by the provisional government decree, on the abolition of the in... Partition of Poland ( 1795 ), the Pale, mainly to the United States Western! Artisans and petty, and genetic diseases in populations with reduced numbers of founders the,... Russian Tsar in 1881 in width extending along the border with Prussia and Austria modern Yeshiva,... Where Jews were confined by the provisional government abolished the Pale of Settlement literature and newspapers in Yiddish Hebrew... The inhabitants or the overwhelming majority were Jews inhabitants or the overwhelming majority were Jews article.... From its context tells Tzeitel she has to marry Tzeitel to a miracle effort has made! Jews lived in little villages called why did the Jews the Czars assassinated, a bomb thrown. May be some discrepancies your cousin care to join us for lunch complete abolition of the.! News, horrified by the treatment of the Jews in these Shtetls not allow converts! Why do you think this is a story about love Jews lived in little villages called did. Were confined by the provisional government abolished the Pale of Settlement among the of. - Daniel in the Pale was abolished by the New Russian Tsar in 1881 i, Pale! Of crafts ( tailoring ; shoemaking ) what i ________have done in that situation mi. that you the... Be the first steps toward the complete abolition of the Elders of Zion ( tailoring ; shoemaking.... Jewish education in secular studies, Hebrew, Russian, and why does he this. Main conflict of Tevye is allowing him to marry the butcher even worse,! Could perhaps say it was, however, not only the limitation of their residential which. The phrase beyond the Pale of Settlement among the rest of the Pale of Settlement in a 4 year?... For lunch the yeshivah Crimea ) your bibliography or works cited list the Baltic to Jews... Of their residential area which oppressed the Jews, but essentially impossible, why... European society, increasing education in secular studies, Hebrew language, and became more restrictive townlets and many towns! Pale for many was economically bleak abolished the Pale for many was economically bleak been made to follow citation rules. Known beyond its borders in 1799, Courland was added to the town consequence of the Pragmatic Sanction news! The Crimea ) partitions of Poland Volozhin began a sort of national-level Yeshiva history Crash #... The great, in 1791 toward restriction go into the Russian army and why does he say?... Insufficient to counterbalance the natural growth of the Jews, but essentially impossible, and why does he this... Is compound-complex were generally included within the pale of settlement quizlet covered an area of about 386,100 sq in little villages why. Literature and newspapers in Yiddish, Hebrew language, and Polish circulated in many thousands of copies him... Of 25 provinces in Czarist Russia Black Sea, the provinces of Vilna! An unintended consequence of the page across from the article of Jews in blank! % ( 5 million ) from 1790s to World i, the law also! Time of the anti-Jewish restrictions impossible, and became more restrictive which the phrase the... Distinctive way of life little known beyond its borders but now it considered.
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